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src="https://img59.chem17.com/9/20170515/636304370980116481830.jpg" style="height:426px; width:640px"/></p><p><span style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family:宋體; font-size:15pt">變頻器</span><span style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family:????; font-size:15pt">維修實(shí)用方法</span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">一、直觀法</span></p><p><strong><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">a.</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">描述</span></strong></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:12px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">直觀法是通過(guò)人的眼睛或其它感覺(jué)器官去發(fā)現(xiàn)故障、排除故障的一種檢修方法。</span></p><p><strong><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">b.</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">應(yīng)用</span></strong></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:12px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">通過(guò)觀察或用手觸摸機(jī)器或電路板及是否有明顯損壞。</span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">如：觀察有無(wú)明顯炸黑現(xiàn)象，電容爆了，線材脫落，器件變形、燒損及外觀損壞等。用手觸摸電容是否有鼓包現(xiàn)象，感受元器件是否有異常發(fā)熱現(xiàn)象等。</span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt"><br/></span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">二、電阻法</span></p><p><strong><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">a.</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">描述</span></strong></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:12px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">電阻法是利用萬(wàn)用表歐姆檔測(cè)量電器的集成電路、晶體管各腳和各單元電路的對(duì)地電阻值，以及各元器件自身的電阻值來(lái)判斷故障的一種檢修方法。</span></p><p><strong><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">b.</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">應(yīng)用</span></strong></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:12px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">用萬(wàn)用表在被測(cè)物未帶電的狀態(tài)下測(cè)量其電阻值。如：測(cè)試主控板</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">5V</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">與</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">GND</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">的阻抗是否偏小，判斷是否有短路現(xiàn)象。電容阻抗是否偏小，引起信號(hào)短路，電阻阻值是否偏大影響電源分壓及信號(hào)衰減等。</span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt"><br/></span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family:????; font-size:9pt">三、電壓法</span></p><p><strong><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">a.</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">描述</span></strong></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:12px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">電壓法是通過(guò)測(cè)量電子線路或元器件的工作電壓并與正常值進(jìn)行比較來(lái)判斷故障的一種檢測(cè)方法。</span></p><p><strong><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">b.</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">應(yīng)用</span></strong></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:12px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">通過(guò)萬(wàn)用表或示波器測(cè)量某節(jié)點(diǎn)的電壓。如：測(cè)量</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">CVD</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">到</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">CPU</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">檢測(cè)口的電壓判斷母線電壓。測(cè)量</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">OC</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">、</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">OU</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">、</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">IV</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">、</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">SHORT</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">、</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">FAN</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">、</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">DRIVE</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">等信號(hào)的電壓狀況查看分析故障源。測(cè)量開(kāi)關(guān)電源輸出電壓判斷開(kāi)關(guān)電源工作是否工作正常。</span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt"><br/></span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">四、短路法</span></p><p><strong><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">a.</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">描述</span></strong></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:12px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">短路法是通過(guò)短接器件或?qū)⑿盘?hào)接入某個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)，使其達(dá)到某種工作的狀態(tài)，以此判斷故障出現(xiàn)的范圍，即信號(hào)注入法，是用來(lái)判斷和縮小故障范圍的一種故障檢測(cè)方法。</span></p><p><strong><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">b.</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">應(yīng)用</span></strong></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:12px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">用錫線、導(dǎo)線、鑷子等導(dǎo)體短接信號(hào)。如：短接光耦</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">181</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">的</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">3</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">、</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">4</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">腳測(cè)量多功能端子在光耦工作后，主控板是否有響應(yīng)來(lái)判斷是光耦前端還是后端電路故障。短接電流檢測(cè)信號(hào)</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">IU</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">與</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">5V</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">，查看檢測(cè)回路是否正常在比較器輸入端短接一個(gè)電源，查看比較器輸出，判斷元件能否正常工作。</span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt"><br/></span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family:????; font-size:9pt">五、斷路法</span></p><p><strong><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">a.</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">描述</span></strong></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:12px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">斷路法是通過(guò)斷開(kāi)某一電路或焊開(kāi)某一元件、接線來(lái)壓縮故障范圍。是用來(lái)縮小故障范圍及判斷元器件是否失效的一種檢測(cè)方法。</span></p><p><strong><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">b.</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">應(yīng)用</span></strong></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:12px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">用烙鐵焊開(kāi)元器件或用刀片割開(kāi)銅皮。如：焊開(kāi)比較器輸出腳，單獨(dú)測(cè)量其電壓，查看是否正常焊開(kāi)</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">CPU</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">電壓檢測(cè)腳，測(cè)其電壓，查看是否正常割斷故障檢測(cè)銅皮，查看是否仍然報(bào)故障。</span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt"><br/></span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">六、替換法</span></p><p><strong><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">a.</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">描述</span></strong></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:12px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">替換法是用規(guī)格相同、性能良好的元器件或電路，代替故障電器上某個(gè)被懷疑而又不便測(cè)量的元器件或電路，從而來(lái)縮小故障范圍及判斷故障的一種檢測(cè)方法。</span></p><p><strong><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">b.</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">應(yīng)用</span></strong></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:12px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">用同型號(hào)的新元件去跟換電路板上的元件。如：起振板工作電壓不穩(wěn)定，更換起振板查看是否能夠正常工作。更換主控板或電源板，查看是否能夠正常工作，縮小故障范圍。更換</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">CPU</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">，查看主控板是否能夠正常工作。</span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt"><br/></span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">七、對(duì)比法</span></p><p><strong><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">a.</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">描述</span></strong></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:12px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">通過(guò)相同型號(hào)正常機(jī)器的電壓、波形等參數(shù)與故障機(jī)器比較，找出故障部位。此法對(duì)不知道信號(hào)類型、信號(hào)類型較為復(fù)雜和沒(méi)有電路圖時(shí)判斷故障有顯著的效果。</span></p><p><strong><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">b.</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">應(yīng)用</span></strong></p><p><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:12px"> </span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">用示波器或萬(wàn)用表分別測(cè)試故障板與同型號(hào)正常板的信號(hào)或參數(shù)。如：用萬(wàn)用表對(duì)比兩塊主控板</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">5V</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">與</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:calibri; font-size:9pt">GND</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family:宋體; font-size:9pt">的壓降查看是否存在故障。用示波器對(duì)比</span><span style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62); 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